As the bridgehead of China's maritime silk road, port and economy under the background of "area" sea coachman.All the way to prevent the "area" blind expansion of water conservancy investment in port, the port efficiency evaluation undoubtedly played a dose for the investment boom "flu shot".
Considering the port operation efficiency and economic efficiency and found two aspects: the port operation efficiency and scale in our country clearly presents the inverted u-shaped, investment to speed up and does not bring port operations, effectively improve the efficiency of both instead of showing a negative correlation.One Belt And One Road port of hinterland economy contribution are overall improvement in economic efficiency of shock.
Ports of the country's development strategic significance is self-evident
Port construction has important strategic significance to the future development.If we say, infrastructure construction is the "blood", "area" so natural ports will be injected into the fresh blood "blood vessels".As the 21st century, the necessary channel of the Marine silk road and the necessary gateway to Asia, Europe, the americas, the port of our country for the future development of strategic significance to speak for themselves.
Ports efficiency evaluation is beneficial to improve the resource allocation of port construction, the port investment project in "trillions of infrastructure" good work at the front.Provinces "two sessions" government work report in 2015 active layout along the "area" infrastructure investment, arrangement, public information of port of water conservancy projects more than 170 billion yuan.With the analysis on the efficiency of the 16 big port, will help to identify the ports of the main driving factor behind productivity growth and achieve the optimal allocation of port resources, thus provided a frontline base for port investment project work.
Ports efficiency evaluation is beneficial to promote the development of ports, improve performance.From the Angle of port management, its efficiency evaluation will undoubtedly conducive to ports on the clear their own advantages and disadvantages, so as to foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses to improve port performance.
Medium port operation efficiency is relatively good investment diminishing marginal utility
Using DEA model to area investigation and found that: all the 16 port operation efficiency of our country port efficiency obviously presents the inverted u-shaped, rizhao port, Qingdao port and other ports instead of input and output efficiency is higher than guangzhou, ningbo - zhoushan port, etc.Investment to speed up not bring effectively improve the efficiency of port, instead, both present a negative correlation.
Port efficiency and the scale is inverted u-shaped, sunshine, shenzhen, Qingdao and medium-sized port operation efficiency is highest."Area" 16 port has more obvious from the process of increasing the scale efficiency decreasing scale efficiency.DEA to measure input in 2013 (the number of berths, production berth length) and output (cargo throughput and container throughput) efficiency, scale medium port input and output efficiency is generally higher than that of small or large scale port, inverted U type characteristics is significant.In the inverted u-shaped curve peak of rizhao port, shenzhen and Qingdao port is in the best production scale (obtain larger output) with less investment, its static relative to the most effective production efficiency;Is in the left side of the inverted U curve of the ports on a smaller scale, while the production efficiency is low, but because size increases, the marginal efficiency of improved biggest and has the advantage of backwardness;Inverted U curve of the right half of the port despite its large size, but still faces the low productivity of embarrassment.
"Area" the port efficiency and the scale is inverted "U"
Port operation efficiency continue to improve, but diminishing marginal effect, investment or for port scale and the efficiency of inverted u-shaped.On the one hand, since 2009 in the port operation efficiency continue to improve all the way.According to the DEA model Malmquist index reflects the harbor in total factor productivity, improve speed since 2009-2013, 16 big port of the total factor productivity index in 1 above, an annual average of 1.053, port operation efficiency increase year by year.Port, on the other hand, investment growth and Malmquist index is presented the certain negative correlations.For example, 2009-2011, our country water transportation fixed asset investment growth decline year by year, fell from 38.8% in 2009 to 0.8%, but this time 16 big port total factor productivity index is for two consecutive years of ascension;In 2012 and 2013, the investment growth, port Malmquist index from rise to fall instead.
A high level of urban infrastructure to promote the port production efficiency has positive externalities.Except 2010 affected by economic abnormal fluctuations, as the port city of fixed assets investment increased steadily year by year, pure technical efficiency of port overall rise, even though growth slowed sharply in 2013.In addition, the port of technical efficiency change index for next year's port city of fixed assets investment growth provides the first reference.
Overall improvement in economic efficiency shock bonded area effect is remarkable
Port cargo throughput and container throughput as input, the port city GDP GDP as the output, using the DEA model to "area" investigation and found that 16 port economic efficiency in port of hinterland economy contribution are going all the way, overall improvement in economic efficiency of shock.
16 port on economic hinterland of GDP contribution are improving economic efficiency as a whole.Overall, from 2009 to 2013, the total factor productivity are 16 port is more than one, only less than 1 in 2009.This means that a 16 port's contribution to the economic hinterland economy (GDP) continuously strengthen in 2009-2009, in 2009, the contribution of diminished.This is mainly due to the 2008 to 2009, the global financial crisis on our country's economic situation is bad, the foreign trade of the port's economic hinterland "cold", lead to 16 port's contribution to the economic effect in 2009.In addition, 16 port's contribution to the economic hinterland economy effect degree increased in 2012-2012.Is expected in the strategy of "area" under the good situation, the three major port group of contribution to the economy will be further enhanced.
Port efficiency of total factor productivity index is generally greater than 1, macro economic efficiency improvement
Port efficiency is positively related to the trade dependency, shenzhen rizhao port and the hinterland of the leading role of foreign trade is the most obvious.From the port of the comprehensive technical efficiency (that is, the port is put into the production efficiency of the economy level of play) with its economic hinterland trade dependency relationship, there are significant positive correlation between the two.Of shenzhen foreign trade of shenzhen economic effects play the leading role of the most obvious, followed by rizhao port and xiamen., in contrast, shantou and quanzhou port hinterland of port of foreign trade dependency is lower, its port efficiency is low.Shenzhen is one of the earliest cities opening to the outside world in our country, is adjacent to the window to the mainland, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan regions, and close to the southeast Asian countries, coupled with the country's trade preferential policies, so foreign trade flourished.Shenzhen is the important gateway to the various countries and regions in shenzhen, the prosperity of foreign trade to shenzhen work, promote the continuous improvement of the efficiency of shenzhen.Rizhao city opening to the outside world started although late, but close to Japan and South Korea, foreign trade is more active.Although as a transit hub for rizhao port is the "new generation", but its leading role in the foreign trade also give full play to the efficiency of production.
Port efficiency have a certain positive correlation with the trade dependency
The three major port group of dragon head
Comprehensive port operation efficiency and economic efficiency, shenzhen, port and port of quanzhou, pressure on the top three.Tianjin, Qingdao, guangzhou, fuzhou port and zhanjiang harbour, in turn, followed by, high-spirited.The comprehensive efficiency from the three port group of bohai sea is the best port, the pearl river delta ports group in shenzhen, Shanghai Yangtze river delta port group of attention.
The pearl river delta ports group of attention to shenzhen
Shenzhen to the driving effects of GDP in the ports and outshine the rest in the PK, both from the port comprehensive production efficiency and contribution from port efficiency is invincible.Scenery behind how shenzhen has the unique advantage?
Deepen the extrovert economy.The port hinterland development (shenzhen) since reform and opening up and the economy, continued to deepen, export-oriented economy, Hong Kong and Macao to the approved free trade area (shenzhen sea before landing in a new city) will also promote the shenzhen trade increment.
Improve the financial market.Shenzhen financial markets improve, especially before the sea may become a yuan offshore trading field, but also for the shenzhen port economic development brings the second spring.
To seize the investment opportunities.After China launched the strategy of "area", shenzhen cling to ship large opportunity, constantly seeking new port investment project: recently, the former hna exchange as the ship trading between Fang Shunli finish (ulcc) to South Korea VLCC combined shipping business transition, plan to start to southeast Asia, the Middle East, Europe.In addition, yantian international container terminals and huangshi city traffic investment company set up the board chau port, port development board state project, active layout of the Yangtze river economic belt.
Bohai sea port group of attention this port
Port hinterland of economic development, natural condition is superior, the seafood aquaculture, wine exports and oil processing industry as the port provides a number of container and bulk miscellaneous sources.Port in the pursuit of excellence of professional technology, the port also strive to expand foreign port construction and trade cooperation.
Promoting the construction of port, west port project into large deep professional wharf.For port throughput capacity of 200 million tons and 15 million standard containers for the target port, west port area, a total investment of 50 billion yuan, has been completed, with the total investment of 11.3 billion yuan.Now, 300000 tons of large ore terminal, liquefied oil wharf, general wharf successively put into trial production.Port will be have four large cargo of professional large deepwater wharf, will further improve the port function, a sharp rise in the industry status.
Foreign building docks, building bauxite at full speed the entire logistics chain.Guinea port construction in the boke is port since all the way "area" strategic concept put forward in 2015, major foreign cooperation projects.The project plans to build 1 2 bauxite berth, heavy line loading berth and bauxite garages matching belt conveyor, design with capacity of 10 million tons/year, and by the port group solely responsible for the dock project for the construction of the operation and management tasks.The first terminal will be completed and put into operation on July 20, can realize the next three years the bauxite by capacity of 30 million tons/year.
Yangtze river delta port group focus on Shanghai
Developed hinterland economy, proud throughput performance and free trade policy advantage since it can make a world class port arrogance, but in recent years, large-scale development trend and the surrounding port factors make it had to face the fierce competition's own development bottleneck.Shanghai international shipping center construction is also a way of resistance and long.
Currently in Shanghai port and ningbo - zhoushan port is Rotterdam, the Netherlands, and New York model, mainly absorbs the hinterland of export goods, so the competition between ports is fierce.
Only large throughput and hardware facilities is not enough to make Shanghai become a truly international shipping center.Therefore, Shanghai is actively promote the development of high-end shipping financial business, in order to improve port soft power.Officially launched in Shanghai in October 2014, the first domestic shipping and financial industry base attracts ship leasing, shipping insurance market main body, base is expected to put into use in the second half of 2015.
Tianjin port: scientific research, form a complete set of hardware and superposition of policy advantage
In tianjin port is the connecting new Eurasia land bridge economic corridor and important starting point of the Russian economic corridor, has now formed by container, crude oil and products, ore, coal as the "four pillars", to steel, such as grains as "a group of key" supply structure, including its hinterland beijing-tianjin-hebei and Midwest hinterland of 14 provinces, autonomous regions, is the bohai sea area of the largest comprehensive port.
Conduct research on long-term development, full power.Tianjin attaches great importance to the independent innovation, the investment in science and technology for rapid development provides a strong support in the future.Tianjin port in 2014 won a number of provincial and municipal awards of science and technology research and development projects, to apply for dozens of national patents.In addition, the tianjin port bonded area investment of 200 million yuan every year to attract cultivate technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises, currently has 1751 companies by the tianjin municipal science and technology of small and medium-sized enterprises.
Advanced hardware facilities.At the end of 2014, the highest level of 30 ton artificial deepwater channel has been the official opening of tianjin port, which can make the four ships two-way roads.The port has the world's largest coke terminal and the specialization of the highest technical content among coal terminal, also has the highest domestic level of 30 ton crude oil wharf, specialized ore terminal, and advanced professional ro/ro wharf container terminal.By the end of 2014, the company number of berths, a total of 59, QQCT length 15879 meters, the design capacity of 298.97 million tons.
Superposition of policy advantages, boost expectations about the future.All the way in the "area", the coordinated development of beijing-tianjin-hebei, tianjin free trade zone and the independent innovation demonstration zone under the national strategic policy advantage superposition, tianjin port will usher in a new round of development.Tax advantages, in 2015, the dongjiang bonded port area new registered enterprises 831, registered capital of RMB 34.312 billion, respectively is 337.8% and 347.01% over the same period last year.
Qingdao port: cargo diversified financial advantage, scale and technology upgrading and ports
Commodity structure diversity advantage to a certain extent, ease the economic downward pressure.Although Qingdao port and rizhao port in the north of tianjin port and south such as there is a deep cross and competition, but compared with the single port cargo, main commodity (including container, dry bulk, liquid oil, bauxite and fertilizer, etc.) are more rich in Qingdao port is affected by the economic downturn hit will be relatively small.
The fourth generation port Qingdao port is committed to development, implementation technology and scale "upgrade".Currently Dong Gu port district in the first construction period (2010-2015), after the completion of Dong Gu port district covers an area of 150 square kilometers, far larger than previously the sum of the area of the three port (about 13 square kilometers).The future of the port area will be bulk and liquid bulk cargo, and to the "cold chain logistics", LNG terminals, such as extension, in the large logistics transformation at the same time, Dong Gu mouth port will also have the bonded area, deep processing, and other functions.
In addition, in 2015, Qingdao port are teaming up to dubai international, cosco, maersk, pan Asia, China merchants international, China shipping, etc. The world's top shipping companies, terminal company jointly create Asia's first truly automated container terminal (the terminal is expected at the end of 2016 completed and put into operation), then, will reduce staff by more than 70%, improve the efficiency of 30%.
Actively try water port financial, by reducing the cost of internal financial provide financial support for port investment.Financial company was established in July 2014, Qingdao port, the sign GaiZhao port into the financial industry.As of late 2014, the financial company to become the member of 67 set up an account fund settlement services, achieve money taking all members of the unit, capital concentration of more than 85%, far higher than the industry average.In greatly reduced the port overall financial expenses, bring financial performance benefits but also indirectly provides port technology research and development and investment projects with financial support.
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